Utah Recording Laws (2026): One-Party Consent Rules

(1) (a) Except as otherwise specifically provided in this chapter, any person who violates Subsection (1)(b) is guilty of an offense and is subject to punishment under Subsection (10), or when applicable, the person is subject to civil action under Subsection (11). (b) A person commits a violation of this subsection who: (i) intentionally or knowingly intercepts, endeavors to intercept, or procures any other person to intercept or endeavor to intercept any wire, electronic, or oral communication; (ii) intentionally or knowingly uses, endeavors to use, or procures any other person to use or endeavor to use any electronic, mechanical, or other device to intercept any oral communication, when the device is affixed to, or otherwise transmits a signal through a wire, cable, or other like connection used in wire communication or when the device transmits communications by radio, or interferes with the transmission of the communication; (iii) intentionally or knowingly discloses or endeavors to disclose to any other person the contents of any wire, electronic, or oral communication, knowing or having reason to know that the information was obtained through the interception of a wire,…

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-09-24 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at le.utah.gov

(1) Except under Subsections 77-23a-4(3), (4), and (5), a person whose wire, electronic, or oral communication is intercepted, disclosed, or intentionally used in violation of this chapter may in a civil action recover relief as appropriate from the person or entity that engaged in the violation. (2) In an action under this section appropriate relief includes: (a) preliminary and other equitable or declaratory relief as is appropriate; (b) damages under Subsection (3) and punitive damages in appropriate cases; and (c) a reasonable attorney's fee and reasonably incurred litigation costs.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-07-29 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at le.utah.gov

As used in this chapter: (1) "Aggrieved person" means a person who was a party to any intercepted wire, electronic, or oral communication, or a person against whom the interception was directed. (2) "Aural transfer" means any transfer containing the human voice at any point between and including the point of origin and the point of reception. (3) "Communications common carrier" means any person engaged as a common carrier for hire in intrastate, interstate, or foreign communication by wire or radio, including a provider of electronic communication service. However, a person engaged in radio broadcasting is not, when that person is so engaged, a communications common carrier. (4) "Contents" when used with respect to any wire, electronic, or oral communication includes any information concerning the substance, purport, or meaning of that communication.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-07-29 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at le.utah.gov

When any wire, electronic, or oral communication has been intercepted, no part of the contents of the communication and no evidence derived from it may be received in evidence in any trial, hearing, or other proceeding in or before any court, grand jury, department, officer, agency, regulatory body, legislative committee, or other authority of the state, or a political subdivision of the state, if the disclosure of that information would be in violation of this chapter.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-07-29 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at le.utah.gov

(1) Except as otherwise specifically provided in this chapter, any person is guilty of a third degree felony who intentionally: (a) sends through the mail, or sends or carries in intrastate, interstate, or foreign commerce any electronic, mechanical, or other device, knowing or having reason to know that the design of the device renders it primarily useful for the purpose of the surreptitious interception of wire, electronic, or oral communications; (b) manufactures, assembles, possesses, or sells any electronic, mechanical, or other device, knowing or having reason to know that the design of the device renders it primarily useful for the purpose of the surreptitious interception of wire, electronic, or oral communications; or (c) places in any newspaper, magazine, handbill, or other publication any advertisement of: (i) any electronic, mechanical, or other device knowing or having reason to know that the design of the device renders it primarily useful for the purpose of the surreptitious interception of wire, electronic, or oral communications; or (ii) any other electronic, mechanical, or other device, where the advertisement promotes the use of the device for the purpose…

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-07-29 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at le.utah.gov

(1) As used in this section: (a) "Health care facility" means the same as that term is defined in Section 78B-3-403. (b) "Health care provider" means the same as that term is defined in Section 78B-3-403. (c) "Hospital" means the same as that term is defined in Section 78B-3-403. (d) "Human service program" means the same as that term is defined in Section 26B-2-101. (2) Except as provided in Subsection (5), an officer using a body-worn camera: (a) shall verify that the equipment is properly functioning as is reasonably within the officer's ability; (b) shall report any malfunctioning equipment to the officer's supervisor if: (i) the body-worn camera issued to the officer is not functioning properly upon initial inspection; or (ii) the officer determines that the officer's body-worn camera is not functioning properly at any time while the officer is on duty; (c) shall wear the body-worn camera so that it is clearly visible to the individual being recorded; (d) shall activate the body-worn camera prior to any law enforcement encounter, or as soon as reasonably possible; (e) shall record in an uninterrupted manner until after the conclusion of a law enforcement…

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-08-31 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at le.utah.gov

(1) (a) "Body-worn camera" means a video recording device that is carried by, or worn on the body of, a law enforcement officer and that is capable of recording the operations of the officer. (b) "Body-worn camera" does not include a dashboard mounted camera or a camera intended to record clandestine investigation activities. (2) "Law enforcement agency" means any public agency having general police power and charged with making arrests in connection with enforcement of the criminal statutes and ordinances of this state or any political subdivision. (3) "Law enforcement encounter" means: (a) an enforcement stop; (b) a dispatched call; (c) a field interrogation or interview; (d) use of force; (e) execution of a warrant; (f) a traffic stop, including: (i) a traffic violation; (ii) stranded motorist assistance; and (iii) any crime interdiction stop; or (g) any other contact that becomes adversarial after the initial contact in a situation that would not otherwise require recording.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-07-29 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at le.utah.gov

A person who has been convicted of a felony may be sentenced to imprisonment for an indeterminate term as follows: (1) In the case of a felony of the first degree, unless the statute provides otherwise, for a term of not less than five years and which may be for life. (2) In the case of a felony of the second degree, unless the statute provides otherwise, for a term of not less than one year nor more than 15 years. (3) In the case of a felony of the third degree, unless the statute provides otherwise, for a term not to exceed five years.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-07-29 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at le.utah.gov

(1) An individual convicted of an offense may be sentenced to pay a fine, not exceeding: (a) $10,000 for a felony conviction of the first degree or second degree; (b) $5,000 for a felony conviction of the third degree; (c) $2,500 for a class A misdemeanor conviction; (d) $1,000 for a class B misdemeanor conviction; (e) $750 for a class C misdemeanor conviction or infraction conviction; and (f) any greater amounts specifically authorized by statute. (2) (a) An individual convicted of a misdemeanor or infraction and sentenced to pay a fine may not be charged by a court: (i) notwithstanding Section 15-1-4, interest on the judgment that in the aggregate is more than 25% of the initial fine; or (ii) that issues an order to show cause under Section 78B-6-317 for failure to pay the fine, interest that is more than 25% of the initial fine. (b) An individual convicted only of an infraction and sentenced to pay a fine may not be charged: (i) by the Office of State Debt Collection, late fees and interest that in the aggregate are more than 25% of the initial fine; or (ii) by a third-party debt contractor of the Office of State Debt Collection, additional fees.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-07-29 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at le.utah.gov

A person who has been convicted of a misdemeanor may be sentenced to imprisonment as follows: (1) (a) Except as provided in Subsection (1)(b), in the case of a class A misdemeanor, for a term not exceeding 364 days. (b) (i) Except as provided in Subsection (1)(b)(ii), in the case of a class A misdemeanor under Title 76, Chapter 5, Offenses Against the Individual, for a term not exceeding one year. (ii) For a class A misdemeanor for one of following offenses, for a term not exceeding 364 days: (A) Section 76-5-102.9, propelling a bodily substance or material as described in Section 76-5-102.9; (B) Section 76-5-107.5, prohibition of "hazing"; (C) Section 76-5-113, surreptitious administration of certain substances; or (D) Section 76-5-303, custodial interference. (2) In the case of a class B misdemeanor, for a term not exceeding six months. (3) In the case of a class C misdemeanor, for a term not exceeding 90 days.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-07-29 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at le.utah.gov

(1) (a) As used in this section, "sex-designated privacy space" means the same as that term is defined in Section 76-12-309. (b) Terms defined in Sections 76-1-101.5, 76-12-101, and 76-12-301 apply to this section. (2) An actor commits recorded or photographed voyeurism if the actor intentionally uses any type of technology to secretly or surreptitiously record, by video, photograph, or other means, an individual: (a) for the purpose of viewing any portion of the individual's body regarding which the individual has a reasonable expectation of privacy, whether or not that portion of the body is covered with clothing; (b) without the knowledge or consent of the individual; and (c) under circumstances in which the individual has a reasonable expectation of privacy. (3) (a) Except as provided in Subsection(3)(b), a violation of Subsection (2) is a class A misdemeanor.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-07-29 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at le.utah.gov

(1) (a) As used in this section: (i) "Intimate image" means any visual depiction, photograph, film, video, recording, picture, or computer or computer-generated image, picture, or video, whether made or produced by electronic, mechanical, or other means, that depicts: (A) exposed human male or female genitals or pubic area, with less than an opaque covering; (B) a female breast with less than an opaque covering, or any portion of the female breast below the top of the areola; or (C) the individual engaged in any sexually explicit conduct. (ii) "Sexually explicit conduct" means actual or simulated: (A) sexual intercourse, including genital-genital, oral-genital, anal-genital, or oral-anal, whether between individuals of the same or opposite sex; (B) masturbation; (C) bestiality; (D) sadistic or masochistic activities; (E) exhibition of the genitals, pubic region, buttocks, or female breast of any individual; (F) visual depiction of nudity or partial nudity; (G) fondling or touching of the genitals, pubic region, buttocks, or female breast; or (H) visual depiction of defecation or urination for the purpose of causing sexual arousal of any individual.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-07-29 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at le.utah.gov

(1) (a) As used in this section: (i) "Child" means an individual under 18 years old. (ii) "Counterfeit intimate image" means any visual depiction, photograph, film, video, recording, picture, or computer or computer-generated image , picture, or video, whether made or produced by electronic, mechanical, or other means, that has been edited, manipulated, generated, or altered to depict the likeness of an identifiable individual and purports to, or is made to appear to, depict that individual's: (A) exposed human male or female genitals or pubic area, with less than an opaque covering; (B) a female breast with less than an opaque covering, or any portion of the female breast below the top of the areola; or (C) the individual engaged in any sexually explicit conduct or simulated sexually explicit conduct. (iii) "Sexually explicit conduct" means the same as that term is defined in Section 76-5b-203. (iv) "Simulated sexually explicit conduct" means the same as that term is defined in Section 76-5b-203. (v) "Single criminal episode" means the same as that term is defined in Section 76-1-401. (b) Terms defined in Section 76-1-101.5 apply to this section.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-08-30 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at le.utah.gov

For purposes of this part: (1) "Eavesdrop" means to overhear, record, amplify, or transmit any part of a wire or oral communication of another without the consent of at least one party thereto by means of an electronic, mechanical, or other device. (2) "Private place" means a place where one may reasonably expect to be safe from casual or hostile intrusion or surveillance. (3) "Public" includes any professional or social group of which the victim of a defamation is a member.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-07-29 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at le.utah.gov

(1) (a) For purposes of this section, "expectation of privacy" means a property owner's expectation of privacy described in Subsection (6). (b) Terms defined in Sections 76-1-101.5, 76-12-101, and 76-12-301 apply to this section. (2) An actor commits unlawful privacy violation if, except as authorized by law, the actor: (a) trespasses on property with intent to subject anyone to eavesdropping or other surveillance in a private place; (b) installs, or uses after unauthorized installation in a private place, without the consent of the person or persons entitled to privacy in the private place, a device for observing, photographing, hearing, recording, amplifying, or broadcasting sounds or events in the private place; (c) installs or uses outside of a private place a device for observing, photographing, hearing, recording, amplifying, or broadcasting sounds or events originating in the private place that would not ordinarily be audible, visible, or comprehensible outside the private place, without the consent of the person or persons entitled to privacy in the private place; or (d) uses ground-penetrating technology, without the consent of the property owner, to detect,…

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-08-31 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at le.utah.gov

(1) As used in this section: (a) "Artificial intelligence" means a machine-based system that can, for a given set of human-defined objectives, make predictions, recommendations, or decisions influencing real or virtual environments. (b) (i) "Creator" means a person that uses artificial intelligence to generate synthetic media. (ii) "Creator" does not include a person that solely provides the technology used in the creation of the synthetic media. (c) "Digital content provenance" means purely factual information that: (i) details a digital resource's creator, origin, context, history, and editing process; and (ii) conforms to an open industry technical standard. (d) "Generative artificial intelligence" means artificial intelligence technology that is capable of creating content such as text, audio, image, or video based on patterns learned from large volumes of data rather than being explicitly programmed with rules. (e) "Sponsor" means a person that pays for the content that uses artificial intelligence to generate synthetic media. (f) "Synthetic audio media" means audio content that was substantially produced by generative artificial intelligence.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-07-29 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at le.utah.gov

Except as otherwise specifically provided in this chapter any person who— intentionally intercepts, endeavors to intercept, or procures any other person to intercept or endeavor to intercept, any wire, oral, or electronic communication; intentionally uses, endeavors to use, or procures any other person to use or endeavor to use any electronic, mechanical, or other device to intercept any oral communication when— such device is affixed to, or otherwise transmits a signal through, a wire, cable, or other like connection used in wire communication; or such device transmits communications by radio, or interferes with the transmission of such communication; or such person knows, or has reason to know, that such device or any component thereof has been sent through the mail or transported in interstate or foreign commerce; or such use or endeavor to use (A) takes place on the premises of any business or other commercial establishment the operations of which affect interstate or foreign commerce; or (B) obtains or is for the purpose of obtaining information relating to the operations of any business or other commercial establishment the operations of which affect interstate or foreign…

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-09-17 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at uscode.house.gov

Except as provided in section 2511(2)(a)(ii), any person whose wire, oral, or electronic communication is intercepted, disclosed, or intentionally used in violation of this chapter may in a civil action recover from the person or entity, other than the United States, which engaged in that violation such relief as may be appropriate. In an action under this section, appropriate relief includes— such preliminary and other equitable or declaratory relief as may be appropriate; damages under subsection (c) and punitive damages in appropriate cases; and a reasonable attorney’s fee and other litigation costs reasonably incurred.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-07-28 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at uscode.house.gov

Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State or Territory or the District of Columbia, subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress, except that in any action brought against a judicial officer for an act or omission taken in such officer’s judicial capacity, injunctive relief shall not be granted unless a declaratory decree was violated or declaratory relief was unavailable. For the purposes of this section, any Act of Congress applicable exclusively to the District of Columbia shall be considered to be a statute of the District of Columbia.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-09-16 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at uscode.house.gov

The jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters conferred on the district courts by the provisions of titles 13, 24, and 70 of the Revised Statutes for the protection of all persons in the United States in their civil rights, and for their vindication, shall be exercised and enforced in conformity with the laws of the United States, so far as such laws are suitable to carry the same into effect; but in all cases where they are not adapted to the object, or are deficient in the provisions necessary to furnish suitable remedies and punish offenses against law, the common law, as modified and changed by the constitution and statutes of the State wherein the court having jurisdiction of such civil or criminal cause is held, so far as the same is not inconsistent with the Constitution and laws of the United States, shall be extended to and govern the said courts in the trial and disposition of the cause, and, if it is of a criminal nature, in the infliction of punishment on the party found guilty. In any action or proceeding to enforce a provision of sections 1981, 1981a, 1982, 1983, 1985, and 1986 of this title, title IX of Public Law 92–318 [20 U.S.C.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-07-28 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at uscode.house.gov

(1) Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, it shall be unlawful for any individual, partnership, corporation, association, or the state of Washington, its agencies, and political subdivisions to intercept, or record any: (a) Private communication transmitted by telephone, telegraph, radio, or other device between two or more individuals between points within or without the state by any device electronic or otherwise designed to record and/or transmit said communication regardless how such device is powered or actuated, without first obtaining the consent of all the participants in the communication; (b) Private conversation, by any device electronic or otherwise designed to record or transmit such conversation regardless how the device is powered or actuated without first obtaining the consent of all the persons engaged in the conversation.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-09-24 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at app.leg.wa.gov

A. Except as provided in this section and section 13-3012, a person is guilty of a class 5 felony who either: 1. Intentionally intercepts a wire or electronic communication to which he is not a party, or aids, authorizes, employs, procures or permits another to so do, without the consent of either a sender or receiver thereof. 2. Intentionally intercepts a conversation or discussion at which he is not present, or aids, authorizes, employs, procures or permits another to so do, without the consent of a party to such conversation or discussion. 3. Intentionally intercepts the deliberations of a jury or aids, authorizes, employs, procures or permits another to so do. B. Except as provided in sections 13-3012 and 13-3017, a person who intentionally and without lawful authority installs or uses a pen register or trap and trace device on the telephone lines or communications facilities of another person which are utilized for wire or electronic communication is guilty of a class 6 felony.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-08-31 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at azleg.gov

(1) A person has the right to lawfully record any incident involving a peace officer and to maintain custody and control of that recording and the device used to record the recording. A peace officer shall not seize a recording or recording device without consent, without a search warrant or subpoena, or without a lawful exception to the warrant requirement. (2) (a) If a peace officer seeks to obtain from a person a device used to record an incident involving a peace officer in order to access the recording as possible evidence in an investigation, the officer shall first: (I) Advise the person of his or her name, his or her badge number or other identifying number, and the name of the law enforcement agency; (II) Identify the legal reason for which the information is requested; and (III) If practicable under the circumstances, inquire whether the person will voluntarily provide the officer with a copy of the specific recording that is relevant to the investigation either by voluntarily providing the device to the officer or immediately electronically transferring the information to the officer or the law enforcement agency so that the person may retain possession of his or…

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-07-29 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at olls.info

1.  Except as otherwise provided in subsection 5 and NRS 179.410 to 179.515, inclusive, 209.419 and 704.195, it is unlawful for any person to intercept or attempt to intercept any wire communication unless: (a) The interception or attempted interception is made with the prior consent of one of the parties to the communication; and (b) An emergency situation exists and it is impractical to obtain a court order as required by NRS 179.410 to 179.515, inclusive, before the interception, in which event the interception is subject to the requirements of subsection 3. If the application for ratification is denied, any use or disclosure of the information so intercepted is unlawful, and the person who made the interception shall notify the sender and the receiver of the communication that: (1) The communication was intercepted; and (2) Upon application to the court, ratification of the interception was denied.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-08-28 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at leg.state.nv.us