How to File a DMCA Takedown on Xvideos (2026 Guide)

To remove infringing content from Xvideos, submit the platform's online copyright form at info.xvideos.com/takedown. Xvideos warns that emailing a notice instead of using that form delays processing. Its designated Copyright Agent is reachable at content@xvideos.com. For non-consensual intimate images, the Take It Down Act requires removal within 48 hours of a valid, signed removal request, independent of copyright ownership.
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Generate Your NoticeWhat Is a DMCA Takedown on Xvideos?
A DMCA takedown is a formal legal notice sent under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, specifically , demanding that a platform remove content that infringes your copyright.
When you send a valid notice to Xvideos, the platform is legally required to remove the infringing material "expeditiously" to retain its safe harbor protection from copyright liability.
Xvideos is one of the world's largest adult video platforms. Its Terms of Service identify the operator as WebGroup Czech Republic, a.s., at Krakovska 1366/25, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic. Its copyright takedown page names the designated Copyright Agent as Dr. Daniel Kötz, Attorney-at-Law, Rosenstr. 11a, 40479 Düsseldorf, Germany. So while the platform runs a DMCA notice-and-counter-notice process, your notice is routed to a European agent rather than a US corporate address.
Like any user-generated content site, Xvideos relies on the Section 512 safe harbor, meaning it avoids direct liability for user uploads as long as it complies with takedown requests.
Understanding how the process works, and what rights you have, matters whether you are a copyright owner or someone whose content was uploaded without consent. Those are two different paths at Xvideos, and using the wrong form slows you down.
Legal Framework: 17 U.S.C. § 512
The notice-and-takedown system created by Section 512 of the Copyright Act is the foundation of every DMCA takedown. To maintain safe harbor protection, an online service provider like Xvideos must:

- Designate a registered DMCA agent with the U.S. Copyright Office
- Post that agent's contact information publicly on its website
- Remove infringing material expeditiously upon receiving a valid notice
- Notify the uploader that content has been removed
- Restore content if a valid counter-notification is received and the original complainant does not file suit within 10 to 14 business days
- Adopt and enforce a repeat infringer policy, including account termination for repeat offenders
Failure to comply with these requirements causes the platform to lose its safe harbor protection and exposes it to direct copyright liability under 17 U.S.C. § 512.
How to File a DMCA Takedown Notice on Xvideos
There are two channels for a copyright complaint, and Xvideos is explicit about which one it prefers.
Method 1: Use the Xvideos Copyright Takedown Form
Submit your notice through the online form at info.xvideos.com/takedown. The form walks you through the required fields, and Xvideos' own takedown page states that sending your request by email instead of using the form "will delay our processing time and may impact its accuracy as well."
The platform's Terms of Service point copyright complainants to this same form, so treat it as the default route.
Method 2: Email the Designated Copyright Agent
Xvideos designates Dr. Daniel Kötz, Attorney-at-Law, Rosenstr. 11a, 40479 Düsseldorf, Germany, as its Copyright Agent, reachable at content@xvideos.com.
Use email when you need a written record addressed to the designated agent, or when the form cannot accommodate your submission. Expect it to be slower than the form.
Watch out: abuse@xvideos.com is widely repeated online as the Xvideos DMCA address. It appears on neither the platform's current copyright takedown page nor its Terms of Service, and neither document designates it for anything. Send copyright notices to the designated agent address above, or use the form.
Your notice must contain all required statutory elements. An incomplete notice may be rejected, and sending a knowingly false notice exposes you to liability under (f).
You can also use our Free DMCA Takedown Notice Builder to draft a properly formatted notice before sending it.
What Your DMCA Notice Must Contain
Under 17 U.S.C. § 512(c)(3), a valid DMCA takedown notice must include all of the following five elements:
- Your identity and signature. Your full legal name and a physical or electronic signature. If you are an authorized agent, state that clearly.
- Identification of the copyrighted work. Describe the original work you own, for example, a video you filmed on a given date and first published at a given URL.
- Identification of the infringing material. Provide the exact URL or URLs on Xvideos where the infringing content appears.
- Your contact information. A mailing address, telephone number, and email address where you can be reached.
- Two sworn statements. First, a good-faith belief that the use is not authorized by you, your agent, or the law. Second, a statement under penalty of perjury that the information in the notice is accurate and that you are the copyright owner or authorized to act on the owner's behalf.
Missing any of these elements can invalidate your notice. Be precise and complete.
What Happens After You File
Once Xvideos receives your notice, the typical sequence is:
Step 1. Review. Xvideos reviews the notice for completeness. Section 512 requires expeditious removal but fixes no number of days, and processing times vary with the volume and quality of the submission.
Step 2. Removal. If the notice is valid, Xvideos removes the content and notifies the uploader that a copyright claim has been received.
Step 3. Counter-notification window. The uploader has the right to file a counter-notification. If they do, you have 10 to 14 business days to file a lawsuit in federal court. If you do not file suit, Xvideos may restore the content.
Step 4. Account action. Under Section 512(i), Xvideos must terminate the accounts of repeat infringers to keep its safe harbor. Multiple takedown notices against the same uploader can result in permanent account suspension.
The Counter-Notification Process
If your content was removed from Xvideos in response to a DMCA notice that you believe was filed in error or in bad faith, you can submit a counter-notification.
A valid counter-notification under 17 U.S.C. § 512(g)(3) must include:
- Your name, address, telephone number, and electronic signature
- Identification of the material that was removed and its location before removal
- A statement under penalty of perjury that the material was removed by mistake or misidentification
- Your consent to the jurisdiction of the federal district court for your address
Once Xvideos receives a valid counter-notification, it must wait 10 to 14 business days before restoring the content, giving the original complainant time to seek injunctive relief. If no court action is filed, the content may be reinstated.
Important: Filing a false counter-notification exposes you to liability for damages, costs, and attorney's fees under 17 U.S.C. § 512(f).
Special Considerations: Non-Consensual Intimate Images
Not every unwanted video on Xvideos is a copyright issue. If a video was uploaded without your consent, particularly intimate or sexual content, you have more than one legal avenue, and the copyright form is usually the wrong one.
How to Report a Non-Consensual Video to Xvideos
Xvideos runs a separate Abuse Reporting Form (Excluding copyright) for complaints that are not copyright claims. Its categories include Consent (harassment / revenge porn / upload without consent), alongside categories for child sexual abuse, a minor under 18, stolen private content, and spam.
The form invites you to report "including anonymously if you wish," and every category on it is labeled as one that "may also be submitted anonymously." Read that precisely, because it is narrower than it sounds. On the current form the Name field is optional, but an email address is mandatory and has to be validated before the report goes through. Anonymous here means you do not have to give your legal name. It does not mean you can report without giving the platform a way to reach you.
The other required fields are the URL or URLs of the video, one category, a written explanation of the problem, and a box confirming your good-faith belief that what you have submitted is accurate and complete.
Xvideos states that complaints sent through this form "will be evaluated and resolved within five (5) business days."
Anonymity has a trade-off worth understanding before you choose it. A report you submit without your name and signature is a platform-policy complaint, handled on that five-business-day commitment. That is a legitimate route, and for many people it is the right one. What it does not do is start the federal 48-hour clock, which attaches only to a request carrying the four elements listed under "What a Take It Down Act Request Must Contain" below.
Practical caution: do not delete your own copies before reporting. Screenshots, URLs, upload dates, and any messages from the person who posted it are the evidence a later civil claim or police report depends on, and they disappear when the video comes down.
The Take It Down Act
The TAKE IT DOWN Act was signed into law on May 19, 2025. It:
- Criminalizes the non-consensual publication of intimate images, including AI-generated deepfakes
- Requires covered platforms to remove such images within 48 hours of receiving a valid removal request
- Imposes criminal penalties of up to 2 years imprisonment for offenders, and up to 3 years if a minor is depicted
The statute gave platforms one year to stand up a compliant notice-and-removal process. That deadline passed on May 19, 2026, so this is no longer a future obligation. The Federal Trade Commission now enforces the requirement against covered platforms.
This law operates independently of copyright. Even if you hold no registered copyright in a video, you can use the Take It Down Act to demand removal from a covered platform.
What a Take It Down Act Request Must Contain
The 48-hour duty does not attach to every complaint a platform receives. Under Section 3(a)(3) of the Act, the clock starts on a "valid removal request" made through the process the statute requires covered platforms to provide. Section 3(a)(1)(B) requires that request to include, in writing, all four of the following:
- A physical or electronic signature of the person depicted, or of an authorized person acting on their behalf.
- Identification of the intimate visual depiction, plus information reasonably sufficient for the platform to locate it. In practice, the exact URL.
- A brief good-faith statement that the depiction is not consensual, including any information that helps the platform determine it was published without your consent.
- Information sufficient to enable the platform to contact you, or the authorized person acting for you.
A submission carrying no name and no signature cannot satisfy the first element, so it does not start the 48-hour clock however serious the underlying report is. If you want that clock running, sign the request, identify the video, say plainly that it was published without your consent, and give contact details. You do not have to handle this personally. The statute expressly allows an authorized person to submit and sign on your behalf, which is how many victims file through a lawyer or a victim advocate.
If you submit a signed, identified request that meets those four elements, the 48-hour duty runs on its own clock regardless of the five-day turnaround the platform advertises. Treat the five-day figure as the platform's own service commitment, not as your legal deadline.
If a covered platform ignores a valid request, or offers no removal process at all, the FTC takes reports at TakeItDown.ftc.gov. The agency says it launched that channel specifically to hear about platforms that fail to take down intimate images shared without consent.
15 U.S.C. § 6851: Federal Civil Action
The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2022 created a federal civil cause of action for the non-consensual disclosure of intimate images. Under , a victim can:
- Sue the person who disclosed the images in federal district court
- Recover actual damages or liquidated damages of $150,000, plus attorney's fees
- Obtain injunctive relief ordering the defendant to remove the content
This remedy runs against the uploader, not the platform. It works alongside a DMCA or Take It Down Act notice to Xvideos, not instead of one.
State Revenge Porn Laws
Non-consensual pornography is a crime in the large majority of US states. Most statutes treat it as at least a misdemeanor, with penalties including fines and up to a year in jail; some states classify it as a felony for repeat offenses or where a minor is depicted. Penalties and definitions vary by state, so check your own state's statute rather than assuming the general pattern applies.
You can report non-consensual intimate images to local law enforcement whether or not you own a copyright in the material. The DOJ Office on Violence Against Women publishes a plain-language guide to your rights and options.
Federal Law on Adult Content: 18 U.S.C. § 2257
18 U.S.C. § 2257 imposes record-keeping obligations on producers of sexually explicit content. Any primary or secondary producer of visual depictions of actual people engaged in sexually explicit conduct must:
- Verify that every performer is 18 or older by examining a government-issued photo ID
- Maintain records of each performer's legal name, date of birth, and any stage names
- Affix a statement on every copy of the content identifying where those records are kept
- Make those records available for inspection by the DOJ Criminal Division
Penalties for violation: up to 5 years imprisonment for a first offense. For a subsequent offense, § 2257 sets a term of "not more than 10 years but not less than 2 years," so a repeat conviction carries a mandatory minimum as well as a ceiling.
These obligations fall on producers. Where a hosting platform sits is a contested line rather than a settled exemption, so it is worth reading the actual definition before assuming you are outside it.
28 C.F.R. § 75.1(c) defines "producer" to cover both primary and secondary producers. The secondary-producer definition has two branches. The first reaches anyone who produces, publishes, duplicates or reissues "other matter intended for commercial distribution" containing such a depiction. The second, written without that commercial-distribution qualifier, reaches any person "who inserts on a computer site or service a digital image of, or otherwise manages the sexually explicit content of a computer site or service that contains" such a depiction.
The regulation then lists activities that keep a person outside the definition, and the relevant one is narrower than "we only host it." A producer "does not include" persons whose activities are limited to "the transmission, storage, retrieval, hosting, formatting, or translation ... of a communication, without selection or alteration of the content of the communication."
So the question is what a site actually does, not what it calls itself. Activity limited to hosting sits inside the carve-out. Selecting, categorizing, promoting, or monetizing what is hosted, which is what a revenue-sharing content-partner program does, is where the argument starts.
If you create adult content and file DMCA notices, make sure your own productions comply with § 2257. If you run your own user-generated adult site, do not assume that hosting alone exempts you, and treat your § 2257 position as a question for counsel rather than a settled answer. A record-keeping failure is a federal crime carrying the penalties above.
Pending Legislation: The STOP CSAM Act
The STOP CSAM Act of 2025 (S.1829, 119th Congress) is pending in the Senate. It is a bill, not law, and it creates no right you can exercise today.
The Senate Judiciary Committee reported the bill with an amendment on June 26, 2025, and it now sits on the Senate calendar. In the text as reported, it would:
- Require a provider that obtains actual knowledge of apparent child sexual abuse material on its service to report it to the NCMEC CyberTipline as soon as reasonably possible, and in any event within 60 days of obtaining that knowledge
- Create a new 18 U.S.C. § 2255A letting a victim sue a provider of an interactive computer service for the intentional, knowing, or reckless hosting or storing of that material, or for promoting or aiding and abetting the underlying offenses, recovering actual damages or liquidated damages of $300,000, plus costs and attorney fees
Bill text changes as a measure moves, and a reported bill is still not law. Read the current version before relying on any specific deadline, damages figure, or liability provision attributed to it.
Proposals of this kind affect adult platforms disproportionately, because legislators and regulators have repeatedly named platforms in that space in connection with CSAM concerns.
When to Involve Law Enforcement Instead of Filing a DMCA Notice
A DMCA takedown is the right tool for copyright infringement. In some situations you should contact law enforcement first, or instead:
- The content depicts a minor. This is a federal crime. Report it to the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children CyberTipline and the FBI, and use the minor category on the Xvideos abuse form rather than the copyright form.
- The content was shared to harass or extort you. Many states have sextortion and cyberstalking statutes. File a police report.
- You are the victim of a deepfake. The Take It Down Act provides a federal criminal remedy, and the platform notice-and-removal duty is now in force.
- The uploader is impersonating you. Platform impersonation reports and law enforcement referrals fit better than a DMCA notice.
Be realistic about what a takedown does. DMCA notices deal only with copyright. They do not punish the uploader, and they do not stop the same file from being re-uploaded to Xvideos under a new account or mirrored to other sites, which is why documenting the original upload matters more than the speed of the first removal.
Fair Use Considerations
Before filing a takedown notice, verify that the content is actually infringing and is not protected as fair use under 17 U.S.C. § 107. Courts weigh four factors:
- The purpose and character of the use, including whether it is commercial and whether it is transformative
- The nature of the copyrighted work
- The amount and substantiality of the portion used
- The effect of the use on the market for the original
Filing a DMCA notice against content that is clearly fair use can produce a successful counter-notification and expose you to liability under § 512(f) for material misrepresentation.
Tips for Adult Content Creators
If you create adult content professionally, take these steps to protect your work:
Register your copyrights. Register original works with the U.S. Copyright Office. Statutory damages of up to $150,000 per work for willful infringement under (c), plus attorney's fees, are available only to owners who registered in time. A registration filed after a leak can come too late for those remedies, so register your catalogue as you publish it rather than after you find a problem.
Watermark your content. Embed visible and invisible watermarks in every release. Watermarks create a paper trail that identifies the source of a leak and supports an infringement claim.
Document your creative process. Keep dated backups, raw files, and production records. These establish that you are the original author if someone challenges your notice.
Renew your DMCA agent registration. If you run your own platform, a designated agent registration expires and becomes invalid three years after it is registered with the Copyright Office unless you renew it, under 37 C.F.R. § 201.38(c)(4). Renewal means amending the designation or resubmitting it unchanged. Let it lapse and you can lose safe harbor.
Monitor for infringement. Use reverse image and video search on a regular schedule. The sooner you act, the less the content spreads.
Consult an attorney for serial infringers. If the same person repeatedly re-uploads your work after takedowns, a federal copyright lawsuit may be warranted. Repeat infringement involving registered works can support significant damages.
For a step-by-step guide to drafting your notice, see What is a DMCA Takedown? and our Free DMCA Takedown Notice Builder.
Other DMCA Takedown Guides
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I send a DMCA takedown to Xvideos?
Use the online copyright form at info.xvideos.com/takedown. Xvideos states that emailing a request instead of using the form delays processing. If you do need to email, the designated Copyright Agent is Dr. Daniel Kötz at content@xvideos.com. Your notice must include your identity and signature, a description of the copyrighted work, the exact URL of the infringing content, your contact information, and two sworn statements confirming good faith and accuracy under penalty of perjury.
Is abuse@xvideos.com the correct address for a DMCA notice?
No. That address does not appear on the current Xvideos copyright takedown page or in its Terms of Service, even though it is widely repeated online. Xvideos designates Dr. Daniel Kötz, Attorney-at-Law, of Düsseldorf, Germany as its Copyright Agent, at content@xvideos.com, and directs copyright complaints to the form at info.xvideos.com/takedown.
How do I report a video of me that was uploaded without my consent?
Use the separate Xvideos Abuse Reporting Form (Excluding copyright) at info.xvideos.net/takedown-amateur, not the copyright form. It has a Consent category covering harassment, revenge porn, and upload without consent, and Xvideos states complaints are evaluated and resolved within five business days. You may leave your name off the form, but an email address is mandatory and has to be validated. Understand the trade-off before you choose anonymity: an unsigned anonymous report is a platform-policy complaint on that five-day commitment, not a Take It Down Act request. The Act's 48-hour clock starts only on a request that includes your physical or electronic signature, identification of the depiction and where to find it, a good-faith statement that it was published without your consent, and contact information for you. An authorized person, such as a lawyer or a victim advocate, may sign and submit it for you. If you send a request meeting all four elements, the 48 hours run regardless of the platform's five-day figure. Save the URL, screenshots, and upload date before the video comes down.
How long does Xvideos take to remove content after a DMCA notice?
17 U.S.C. 512 requires Xvideos to remove infringing content expeditiously after receiving a valid notice, but it sets no fixed number of days. Processing times vary, and incomplete or defective notices may be rejected or delayed. Xvideos states that a request sent by email rather than through its form takes longer to process.
Can I remove a video from Xvideos if I do not own the copyright?
Yes, if the video contains intimate images of you shared without consent. The Take It Down Act, signed May 19, 2025, requires covered platforms to remove non-consensual intimate images within 48 hours of a valid removal request, regardless of copyright ownership, and the platform compliance deadline passed on May 19, 2026. A valid request has to carry your physical or electronic signature, identify the depiction and where to find it, state your good-faith belief that it is not consensual, and give the platform a way to contact you. You can also report the content to law enforcement under state law or pursue a civil action against the uploader under 15 U.S.C. 6851.
What happens if I file a false DMCA takedown notice on Xvideos?
Filing a DMCA notice containing knowing material misrepresentations exposes you to liability under 17 U.S.C. 512(f). You can be sued for damages, costs, and attorney's fees incurred by the uploader or by Xvideos as a result of the wrongful takedown. Xvideos may also suspend or delete your account.
How do I file a DMCA counter-notification on Xvideos?
If your content was wrongly removed, send a counter-notification to Xvideos containing your name, address, phone number, and electronic signature; identification of the removed material and its former URL; a statement under penalty of perjury that the material was removed by mistake or misidentification; and your consent to federal court jurisdiction. Xvideos must then wait 10 to 14 business days before restoring the content, giving the original complainant time to seek a court order.
Updates
Governing law re-checked for recent changes
Corrected the Xvideos copyright contact: notices go to the platform's designated Copyright Agent at content@xvideos.com or, faster, through the form at info.xvideos.com/takedown, not the abuse@ address previously listed. Added Xvideos' separate reporting form for non-consensual intimate images and set out precisely what its anonymous option does and does not cover: you may leave your name off it, but an email address is required, and an unsigned anonymous report does not start the Take It Down Act's 48-hour clock. Added the four elements a Take It Down Act removal request must contain to start that clock, plus how to escalate to the FTC. Updated the Take It Down Act section now that the platform compliance deadline has passed, restored sourced detail on the pending STOP CSAM Act from the reported Senate text, clarified that the 18 U.S.C. § 2257 record-keeping line for hosting platforms is contested rather than settled, and fixed the DMCA agent renewal citation to 37 C.F.R. § 201.38.
Independently fact-checked against the cited primary sources
The Law Behind This Article
This article rests on 7 statutory provisions held in our own legal record, each retrieved from the official source. Tap a section to read the operative text.
Code of Federal Regulations Title 28
§ 75.1Definitions.In force
(a) Terms used in this part shall have the meanings set forth in 18 U.S.C. 2257, and as provided in this section. The terms used and defined in these regulations are intended to provide common-language guidance and usage and are not meant to exclude technologies or uses of these terms as otherwise employed in practice or defined in other regulations or federal statutes (i.e., 47 U.S.C. 230, 231). (b) Picture identification card means a document issued by the United States, a State government, or a political subdivision thereof, or a United States territory, that bears the photograph, the name of the individual identified, and the date of birth of that individual, and provides specific information sufficient for the issuing authority to confirm its validity, such as a passport, Permanent Resident Card (commonly known as a “Green Card”), or employment authorization document issued by the United States, a driver's license or other form of identification issued by a State or the District of Columbia; or a foreign government-issued equivalent of any of the documents listed above when the person who is the subject of the picture identification card is a non-U.S.
Official text (excerpt) · as of 2026-07-28 · Read the full section at ecfr.gov
Cited in 17 court opinionsMost recently applied by a court: 2020
Leading cases: Free Speech Coalition, Inc. v. Attorney General of the United States (Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit 2012, 677 F.3d 519) · Free Speech Coalition, Inc. v. Attorney General United States (Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit 2016, 825 F.3d 149) · American Library Association v. Janet Reno, Attorney General of the United States Department of Justice (Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit 1994, 33 F.3d 78)
Identified automatically from the court opinions citing this section — not a ranking of which case controls.
Code of Federal Regulations Title 37
§ 201.38Designation of agent to receive notification of claimed infringement.In force
(a) General. This section prescribes the rules pursuant to which service providers may designate agents to receive notifications of claimed infringement pursuant to section 512 of title 17 of the United States Code. Any service provider seeking to comply with section 512(c)(2) of the statute must: (1) Designate an agent by making available through its service, including on its website in a location accessible to the public, and by providing to the Copyright Office, the service provider and designated agent information required by paragraph (b) of this section; (2) Maintain the currency and accuracy of the information required by paragraph (b) both on its website and with the Office by timely updating such information when it has changed; and (3) Comply with the electronic registration requirements in paragraph (c) to designate an agent with the Office. (b) Information required to designate an agent.
Official text (excerpt) · as of 2026-07-28 · Read the full section at ecfr.gov
Cited in 3 court opinionsMost recently applied by a court: 2020
Leading cases: BWP Media USA Inc. v. Hollywood Fan Sites LLC (District Court, S.D. New York 2015, 115 F. Supp. 3d 397) · HB Productions, Inc. v. Muhammad Faizan (District Court, D. Hawaii 2020) · 42 Ventures, LLC v. Rend (District Court, D. Hawaii 2020)
Identified automatically from the court opinions citing this section — not a ranking of which case controls.
United States Code Title 15
§ 6851Civil action relating to disclosure of intimate imagesIn forcecited in 5 of our articles
In this section: The term “commercial pornographic content” means any material that is subject to the record keeping requirements under section 2257 of title 18. The term “consent” means an affirmative, conscious, and voluntary authorization made by the individual free from force, fraud, misrepresentation, or coercion. The term “depicted individual” means an individual whose body appears in whole or in part in an intimate visual depiction and who is identifiable by virtue of the person’s face, likeness, or other distinguishing characteristic, such as a unique birthmark or other recognizable feature, or from information displayed in connection with the visual depiction. The term “disclose” means to transfer, publish, distribute, or make accessible.
Official text (excerpt) · as of 2026-07-28 · Read the full section at uscode.house.gov
Cited in 49 court opinionsMost recently applied by a court: 2026
Leading cases: TILLE v. KAPLAN (District Court, D. New Jersey 2025) · Turner v. Echols (District Court, W.D. Virginia 2025) · Goodnight v. Hammons (District Court, W.D. Oklahoma 2025)
Identified automatically from the court opinions citing this section — not a ranking of which case controls.
Also relied on in: What Is the Take It Down Act? The 2025 Federal NCII Law Explained, How to File a Take It Down Request (Step by Step), Revenge Porn Laws by State: All 50 States and DC (2026)
United States Code Title 17
§ 107Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair useIn forcecited in 10 of our articles
Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 106 and 106A, the fair use of a copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright. In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall include— the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes; the nature of the copyrighted work; the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work. The fact that a work is unpublished shall not itself bar a finding of fair use if such finding is made upon consideration of all the above factors.
Official text (excerpt) · as of 2026-07-28 · Read the full section at uscode.house.gov
Cited in 883 court opinionsMost recently applied by a court: 2026
Leading cases: Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc. v. Nation Enterprises (Supreme Court of the United States 1985, 471 U.S. 539) · Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc. (Supreme Court of the United States 1984, 464 U.S. 417) · Leadsinger, Inc. v. BMG Music Publishing (Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit 2008)
Identified automatically from the court opinions citing this section — not a ranking of which case controls.
Also relied on in: What Is a DMCA Takedown? Complete Guide, How to File a DMCA Takedown on Etsy (2026 Guide), How to File a DMCA Takedown on Google (2026 Guide)
§ 504Remedies for infringement: Damages and profitsIn forcecited in 5 of our articles
Except as otherwise provided by this title, an infringer of copyright is liable for either— the copyright owner’s actual damages and any additional profits of the infringer, as provided by subsection (b); or statutory damages, as provided by subsection (c). The copyright owner is entitled to recover the actual damages suffered by him or her as a result of the infringement, and any profits of the infringer that are attributable to the infringement and are not taken into account in computing the actual damages. In establishing the infringer’s profits, the copyright owner is required to present proof only of the infringer’s gross revenue, and the infringer is required to prove his or her deductible expenses and the elements of profit attributable to factors other than the copyrighted work.
Official text (excerpt) · as of 2026-07-28 · Read the full section at uscode.house.gov
Cited in 2,114 court opinionsMost recently applied by a court: 2026
Leading cases: Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc. v. Nation Enterprises (Supreme Court of the United States 1985, 471 U.S. 539) · Bouchat v. Baltimore Ravens Football Club, Inc. (Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit 2003, 346 F.3d 514) · Anthony Dash v. Floyd Mayweather, Jr. (Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit 2013, 731 F.3d 303)
Identified automatically from the court opinions citing this section — not a ranking of which case controls.
Also relied on in: How to File a DMCA Takedown on AWS (2026 Guide), AI Copyright Law in the United States (2026 Guide), Is AI-Generated Code Copyright Infringement? (2026)
§ 512Limitations on liability relating to material onlineIn forcecited in 14 of our articles
A service provider shall not be liable for monetary relief, or, except as provided in subsection (j), for injunctive or other equitable relief, for infringement of copyright by reason of the provider’s transmitting, routing, or providing connections for, material through a system or network controlled or operated by or for the service provider, or by reason of the intermediate and transient storage of that material in the course of such transmitting, routing, or providing connections, if— the transmission of the material was initiated by or at the direction of a person other than the service provider; the transmission, routing, provision of connections, or storage is carried out through an automatic technical process without selection of the material by the service provider; the service provider does not select the recipients of the material except as an automatic response to the request of another person; no copy of the material made by the service provider in the course of such intermediate or transient storage is maintained on the system or network in a manner ordinarily accessible to anyone other than anticipated recipients, and no such copy is maintained on the system or…
Official text (excerpt) · as of 2026-07-28 · Read the full section at uscode.house.gov
Cited in 451 court opinionsMost recently applied by a court: 2026
Leading cases: A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc. (Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit 2001, 239 F.3d 1004) · Ellison v. Robertson (Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit 2004, 357 F.3d 1072) · Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon. Com, Inc. (Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit 2007, 508 F.3d 1146)
Identified automatically from the court opinions citing this section — not a ranking of which case controls.
Also relied on in: How to File a DMCA Takedown on Cloudflare (2026 Guide), How to File a DMCA Takedown on Wikipedia (2026 Guide), Legal Copyright Disclaimers: What Disclaimers are Needed on my Website
United States Code Title 18
§ 2257Record keeping requirementsIn forcecited in 2 of our articles
Whoever produces any book, magazine, periodical, film, videotape, digital image, digitally- or computer-manipulated image of an actual human being, picture, or other matter which— contains one or more visual depictions made after November 1, 1990 of actual sexually explicit conduct; and is produced in whole or in part with materials which have been mailed or shipped in interstate or foreign commerce, or is shipped or transported or is intended for shipment or transportation in interstate or foreign commerce; shall create and maintain individually identifiable records pertaining to every performer portrayed in such a visual depiction.
Official text (excerpt) · as of 2026-07-28 · Read the full section at uscode.house.gov
Cited in 68 court opinionsMost recently applied by a court: 2025
Leading cases: United States v. X-Citement Video, Inc. (Supreme Court of the United States 1994, 513 U.S. 64) · Connection Distributing Co. v. The Honorable Janet Reno (Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit 1998, 154 F.3d 281) · Free Speech Coalition, Inc. v. Attorney General of the United States (Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit 2012, 677 F.3d 519)
Identified automatically from the court opinions citing this section — not a ranking of which case controls.
Also relied on in: West Virginia Voyeurism Laws: Hidden Cameras and Privacy Violations
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Sources and References
- Xvideos - Copyright Takedown Form and Designated Copyright Agent(info.xvideos.com)
- Xvideos - Abuse Reporting Form (Excluding copyright), including the Consent category(info.xvideos.net)
- Xvideos - Terms of Service (operator WebGroup Czech Republic, a.s.)(info.xvideos.net)
- 17 U.S.C. § 512 - Limitations on Liability Relating to Material Online(law.cornell.edu).gov
- U.S. Copyright Office - Section 512 Safe Harbor Resources(copyright.gov).gov
- U.S. Copyright Office - DMCA Designated Agent Directory(copyright.gov).gov
- 37 C.F.R. § 201.38 - Designation of Agent to Receive Notification of Claimed Infringement(law.cornell.edu).gov
- 18 U.S.C. § 2257 - Record Keeping Requirements(law.cornell.edu).gov
- 28 C.F.R. § 75.1 - Definitions, including primary and secondary producer and the hosting carve-out(ecfr.gov).gov
- DOJ Criminal Division - 18 U.S.C. § 2257-2257A Certifications(justice.gov).gov
- 15 U.S.C. § 6851 - Civil Action for Disclosure of Intimate Images(law.cornell.edu).gov
- TAKE IT DOWN Act - S.146, 119th Congress(congress.gov).gov
- TAKE IT DOWN Act, Pub. L. 119-12, Sec. 3 - Notice and Removal of Nonconsensual Intimate Visual Depictions (four required elements of a removal request, 48-hour duty)(govinfo.gov).gov
- Federal Trade Commission - Take It Down Act Enforcement Starts Now(ftc.gov).gov
- Federal Trade Commission - TakeItDown.ftc.gov, report a platform that fails to remove non-consensual intimate images(takeitdown.ftc.gov).gov
- STOP CSAM Act of 2025 - S.1829, 119th Congress (pending)(congress.gov).gov
- STOP CSAM Act of 2025 - S.1829 as reported in the Senate, June 26, 2025 (60-day CyberTipline duty; proposed 18 U.S.C. 2255A)(govinfo.gov).gov
- DOJ Office on Violence Against Women - Sharing Intimate Images Without Consent(justice.gov).gov
- 17 U.S.C. § 107 - Limitations on Exclusive Rights: Fair Use(law.cornell.edu).gov